Mitoxantrone 2HCl’s adroit activity against cervical cancer replication and maintenance proteins: a multitargeted approach

Abstract

Cervical cancer poses a significant global health challenge, ranking as the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide and resulting in approximately 300,000 deaths yearly, predominantly caused by high-risk human papillomavirus strains (HPV), mainly types 16 and 18. The scenario poses the urgent need of the hour to develop effective treatment strategies that can address the complexity of cervical cancer and multitargeted inhibitor designing that holds promise as it can simultaneously target multiple proteins and pathways involved in its progression and have the potential to enhance treatment efficacy, reduce the likelihood of drug resistance. In this study, we have performed multitargeted molecular docking of FDA-approved drugs against cervical cancer replication and maintenance proteins- Xenopus kinesin-like protein-2 (3KND), cell division cycle protein-20 (4N14), MCM2-histone complex (4UUZ) and MCM6 Minichromosome maintenance (2KLQ) with HTVS, SP and XP algorithms and have obtained the docking and MM\GBSA score ranging from −8.492 to −5.189 Kcal/mol and −58.16 to −39.07 Kcal/mol. Further, the molecular interaction fingerprints identified ALA, THR, SER, ASN, LEU, and ILE were among the most interacted residues, leaning towards hydrophobic and polar amino acids. The pharmacokinetics and DFT of the compound have shown promising results. The complexes were simulated for 100 ns to study the stability by computing the deviation, fluctuations, and intermolecular interactions formed during the simulation. This study produced promising results, satisfying the criteria that Mitoxantrone 2HCl can be a multitargeted inhibitor against cervical cancer proteins—however, experimental validation is a must before human use.

Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Keywords:

• Cervical cancer
• multitargeted molecular docking
• Mitoxantrone 2HCl
• interaction fingerprints
• molecular dynamics simulation

Acknowledgement

The authors would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research at Shaqra University for supporting this work.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.