Guest Editors' Introduction

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Notes

¹ The most prominent of these commentators was, of course, Francis Fukuyama who touched off a lengthy controversy on the alleged “end of ideology” in his 1989 article, “The End of Ideology,” The National Interest (Summer 1989), pp. 3–18. Recently, Fukuyama reaffirmed his views by emphasizing that the “basic premise” of his end-of-ideology thesis was still sound. See Francis Fukuyama, “Back to the End of History,” Newsweek, September 29, 2008, available online at: < http://www.newsweek.com/id/160040>.

² See, for example, “Transcript of President Bush's Address to Nation on US Policy in Iraq,” New York Times, January 11, 2007; and Kevin Rudd, “The Global Financial Crisis,” The Monthly: Australian Politics, Culture, and Society (February 2009), available online at < http://www.themonthly.com.au/tm/node/1421>.

^* Manfred B. Steger would like to thank the Australian Research Council for supporting his research on the changing ideological landscape of the 21st century with a 2009-11 Discovery Grant.

³ For a definition of basic concepts related to globalization, see Manfred B. Steger, Globalization: A Very Short Introduction, 2nd ed. (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2009).

⁴ For a masterful treatment of this subject, see Saskia Sassen's pioneering work. Her most recent study is A Sociology of Globalization (New York: W.W. Norton, 2007).

⁵ See Manfred B. Steger, Globalisms: The Great Ideological Struggle of the Twenty-First Century, 3rd ed. (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2009); and Lyman Tower Sargent, Contemporary Political Ideologies: A Comparative Analysis, 14th ed. (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2008).

⁶ Michael Freeden, Ideology: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), pp. 54–55. See also Michael Freeden, Ideologies and Political Theory (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996). The ideological function of “fixing” the process of signification around certain meanings was discussed as early as the 1970s by the French linguist Michel Pecheux and intellectuals associated with the French semiotic journal Tel Quel. See Terry Eagleton, Ideology: An Introduction (London: Verso, 1991), pp. 195–197.

⁷ Harold D. Lasswell, Politics: Who Gets What, When and How (New York: Meridian Books, 1958).

⁸ For a useful exposition of the main functions of ideology, see Paul Ricoeur, Lectures on Ideology and Utopia (New York: Columbia University Press, 1986). A short summary of Ricoeur's arguments can be found in Steger, Globalisms, op. cit., Chapter 1.

⁹ Charles Taylor, Modern Social Imaginaries (Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press, 2004), pp. 2, 23–26; and A Secular Age (Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2007), Chapter 4.

¹⁰ Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, rev. ed. (London: Verso, 1991), pp. 6–7.

¹¹ See Arjun Appadurai, Fear of Small Numbers: An Essay on the Geography of Anger (Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press, 2006); Martin Albrow, The Global Age: State and Society Beyond Modernity (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1997); and Ulrich Beck, Power in the Global Age: A New Global Political Economy (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2005).

¹² See, for example, Ball and Dagger, Political Ideologies and the Democratic Ideal, 6th ed. (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Longman, 2005); Leon P. Barat, Political Ideologies: Their Origins and Impact, 8th ed. (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2003); Matthew Festenstein and Michael Kenny (eds), Political Ideologies: A Reader and Guide (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005); Andrew Heywood, Political Ideologies: An Introduction, 3rd ed. (Houndmills and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003); and Lyman Tower Sargent, Contemporary Political Ideologies: A Comparative Analysis, 14th ed. (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2008).

¹³ For a more historical treatment of the changing ideological landscape, see Manfred B. Steger, The Rise of the Global Imaginary: Political Ideologies from the French Revolution to the Global War on Terror (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2008).

¹⁴ J.P. Manoussakis, After God: Richard Kearney and the Religious Turn in Continental Philosophy (New York: Fordham University Press, 2006).