A Single Generalized Seizure Alters the Amplitude, but Not Phase, of the Circadian Activity Rhythm of the Hamster

Abstract

People with epilepsy exhibit high rates of sleep disturbances. In many cases, these sleep disruptions appear to be related to the occurrence of the seizures themselves. Changes in sleep structure may reflect underlying changes in the circadian clock, as circadian rhythms of locomotor activity, body temperature, and hormone release are disrupted following a seizure. The present study was designed to determine if a single generalized seizure could alter the phase and waveform of the circadian rhythm of wheel‐running behavior in the Syrian hamster. Animals were housed in constant darkness, and were administered either a sham treatment or a maximal electroconvulsive shock at one of three time‐points: 6 h before activity onset, 1 h after activity onset, or 6 h after activity onset. Seizures at all of these phases did not significantly affect the phase of the circadian activity rhythm. The circadian locomotor activity levels were significantly attenuated following seizures at all three phases. This attenuation was prominent over the 24 h following the seizure, and was also evident over the three post‐seizure days. These data suggest that while seizures do not affect phase, they may alter the amplitude of the circadian clock. Because the amplitude of the circadian clock affects sleep quality, these findings suggest one mechanism by which persistent seizures may decrease the quality of sleep in patients with epilepsy.

• Electroconvulsive therapy
• ECT
• Biological rhythms
• Wheel running
• Locomotor activity