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ABSTRACT
The ability to predict and adjust physiology and behavior to recurring environmental events has been necessary for survival on Earth. Recent discoveries revealed that not only changes in irradiance but also light spectral composition can stimulate the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), ensuring the body’s synchronization to the environment. Therefore, using a lighting system that modulates spectral composition during the day using combined red-green-blue (RGB) lights, we evaluated the effect of variations in light spectral composition on the rest-activity rhythm of rodents. Male Wistar rats (n = 17) were gestated and raised under different lighting conditions and exposed to a long photoperiod (16 h light: 8 h dark). The difference between groups was the presence of variations in light spectral composition during the day (RGB-v) to simulate daily changes in natural light, or not (RGB-f). After weaning, spontaneous motor activity was recorded continuously for rhythm evaluation. Our results indicated that animals under RGB-v did not present a reactive peak of activity after the beginning of the light phase, suggesting that this group successfully detected the variations aimed at mimicking daily alterations of natural light. Furthermore, RGB-v animals exhibited an earlier activity acrophase in comparison to animals under RGB-f (RGB-v = 12:16 – “hh:mm”, RGB-f = 13:02; p < 0.001), which might have been due to the capability to predict the beginning of the dark phase when exposed to variations in light spectrum. However, this earlier activity acrophase can be also explained by the blue-light peak that occurred in RGB-v. The spectral and waveform analysis of daily patterns of motor activity revealed that rats in the RGB-v group were better entrained to a circadian rhythm throughout the experiment. RGB-v showed higher interdaily stability (IS) values (29.75 ± 6.5, n = 9) than did RGB-f (t(15) = 2.74, p = 0.015). Besides, the highest power content (PC) on the first harmonic (circadian) was reached earlier in the RGB-v group. The circadianity index (CI) of the whole period was higher in the RGB-v group (t(15) = 3.47, p = 0.003). Thus, we could consider that locomotor activity rhythm was entrained to the light-dark cycle in the RGB-v rats earlier compared to the RGB-f rats. Our results provide additional evidence for the effect of variations in light spectral composition on the rest-activity pattern of nocturnal rodents. This suggests that these animals might predict the arrival of the activity phase by its advanced acrophase when exposed to RGB-v, demonstrating a better synchronization to a 24-h rhythm.
Acknowledgments
The authors are thankful to Unidade de Experimentação Animal (UEA) of HCPA for technical and logistical support. Authors also acknowledge the financial support provided by Fundo de Incentivo à Pesquisa e Eventos (FIPE) of HCPA (FIPE-HCPA #2016-0044) and Luxion Iluminação. MABO received a grant from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) - Finance Code 001, MS from Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS), ACOA from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), PRSS from Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP) - 1245/2013 and CNPq - 302620/2016-8, MEC from Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) –465671/2014-4 and MPH from Bolsa de Produtividade em Pesquisa - PQ - CNPq - 303707/2016-0.
Competing Interests
Authors declare a conflict of interest due to the financial and material support provided by the circadian light manufacturer (Luxion Iluminação).