Lifestyle factors, dietary patterns, and social determinants of social and eating jetlag: A cross-sectional survey

ABSTRACT

Social jetlag (SJL) and, more recently, eating jetlag have been linked with an increased risk of non-communicable diseases. Here we aim to investigate lifestyle factors (diet, eating behavior, smoking, perceived stress, time spent sedentary/day) and social determinants (education level, employment status, and place of residence) associated with SJL corrected for sleep duration (SJLsc) and eating jetlag. Self-declared data on age, gender, lifestyle, and eating behavior were collected online from March 2021 to February 2022 of 432 adults. Principal component analysis was used to extract three dietary patterns (Prudent, Western, and Risky). Prevalence of SJLsc was 35.2%, with no significant difference between men and women (p = 0.558). Adults with SJLsc had significantly larger eating jetlag (56.0 min vs 41.2 min, p = 0.001). Increasing SJLsc duration was associated with an increased adherence to a Risky dietary pattern (standardized β coefficient = .165, p = 0.012); increasing eating jetlag duration was associated with an increased adherence to a Western dietary pattern (standardized β coefficient = .127, p = 0.039) and a shorter sleep duration (standardized βcoefficient = −0.147, p = 0.011). Among social determinants analyzed, only being a student or employed was associated with eating jetlag (standardized β coefficient = 0.125, p = 0.044), while none displayed any relationship with SJLsc. Our survey provides evidence on a risky behavior among young persons with SJLsc and eating jetlag, characterized by a higher alcohol consumption, and a diet rich in processed meat and high-fat food, eating during nights, and shorter sleep duration with potential long-term negative health outcomes.

KEYWORDS:

• Social jetlag
• eating jetlag
• social determinants
• lifestyle
• diet
• dietary patterns

Disclosure statement

CD reports honoraria for lectures and other support from Sanofi, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Medtronic, and Novo Nordisk. MP reports honoraria for lectures from Alfa Wassermann and Sun Wave Pharma. CB reports honoraria for lectures, advisory board, and other support and fees from AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Medtronic, and Sanofi. GR reports honoraria for lectures, advisory board, expert testimony, and other support from Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Medtronic, and Sanofi. AR declares support from Sanofi. The other authors declare no conflict of interest in relation to this work.

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, C.B., upon reasonable request.

Supplementary material

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2023.2298700.

Additional information

Funding

The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.