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Abstract
Screening individuals for concealed information has traditionally been the purview of professional interrogators investigating crimes. However, the ability to detect when a person is hiding important information would have high value in many other applications if results could be reliably obtained using an automated and rapid interviewing system. Unfortunately, this ideal has thus far been stymied by practical limitations and inadequate scientific control in current interviewing systems. This study proposes a new class of systems, termed autonomous scientifically controlled screening systems (ASCSS), designed to detect individuals’ purposely hidden information about target topics of interest. These hidden topics of interest could cover a wide range, including knowledge of concealed weapons, privacy violations, fraudulent organizational behavior, organizational security policy violations, preemployment behavioral intentions, organizational insider threat, leakage of classified information, or even consumer product use information. ASCSS represent a systematic synthesis of structured interviewing, orienting theory, defensive response theory, noninvasive psychophysiological measurement, and behavioral measurement. To evaluate and enhance the design principles, we built a prototype automated screening kiosk system and configured it for a physical security screening scenario in which participants constructed and attempted to smuggle a fake improvised explosive device. The positive results provide support for the proposition that ASCSS may afford more widespread application of credibility assessment screening systems.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Nathan W. Twyman
Nathan W. Twyman is an assistant professor of business and information technology at the Missouri University of Science and Technology. He received his Ph.D. in management information systems from the University of Arizona. His research has been published in Journal of Management Information Systems, Journal of the AIS, and Information & Management. Twyman’s research interests span human-computer interaction, transformative technology, GSS, virtual communities, credibility assessment systems, data management and analytics, and health IS. He has been a principal investigator and key contributor for research grants from the National Science Foundation, the Department of Homeland Security, and the Department of Defense. His industry experience is in data management, business intelligence, strategic planning, training, and electronics journals.
Paul Benjamin Lowry
Paul Benjamin Lowry is a full professor of information systems at City University of Hong Kong, where he is also the associate director of the MBA program. He received his Ph.D. in management information systems from the University of Arizona. He has published in Journal of Management Information Systems, MIS Quarterly, Journal of the AIS, Information Systems Journal, Information & Management, and many other journals. He serves as an associate editor for MIS Quarterly (regular guest), European Journal of Information Systems, and Information & Management, among other journals. He is also a senior editor of Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction. His research interests include behavioral security issues, human-computer interaction, e-commerce, and scientometrics.
Judee K. Burgoon
Judee K. Burgoon is site director for the Center for Identification Technology Research, Eller College of Management, University of Arizona. She holds appointments as professor of communication, family studies and human development, and as distinguished visiting professor at the University of Oklahoma. Burgoon has authored eight books and over 250 articles, chapters, and reviews on such topics as nonverbal and relational communication, deception, and computer-mediated communication. Her current research—funded by the National Science Foundation, Department of Defense, and Department of Homeland Security—is examining ways to automate analysis of nonverbal and verbal communication to detect deception. Her awards include the International Communication Association’s Fisher Mentorship, Chaffee Career Achievement, and ICA Fellow Awards, as well as the National Communication Association’s Distinguished Scholar Award, Golden Anniversary Monographs Award, Woolbert Award for Research with Lasting Impact, and Knapp Award in Interpersonal Communication.
Jay F. Nunamaker
Jay F. Nunamaker Jr. is Regents and Soldwedel Professor of MIS, Computer Science and Communication and director of the center for the management of information at the University of Arizona, Tucson. He received his Ph.D. in systems engineering and operations research from Case Institute of Technology, an M.S. and B.S. in engineering from the University of Pittsburgh, and a B.S. from Carnegie Mellon University. He received the LEO Award from the Association of Information Systems at ICIS in Barcelona, Spain, in December 2002. This award is given for a lifetime of exceptional achievement in information systems. He was elected a fellow of the Association of Information Systems in 2000. Nunamaker has over forty years of experience in examining, analyzing, designing, testing, evaluating, and developing information systems. He served as a test engineer at the Shippingport Atomic Power facility, as a member of the ISDOS team at the University of Michigan, and as a member of the faculty at Purdue University, prior to joining the faculty at the University of Arizona in 1974. His research on group support systems addresses behavioral as well as engineering issues and focuses on theory and implementation. He has been a licensed professional engineer since 1965.