Effects of Phosphorus Reduction on Water Quality: Comparison of Alum-Treated and Untreated Portions of a Hypereutrophic Lake

ABSTRACT

The effects of a reduction in total phosphorus concentration on the water quality and plankton community structure in a 86-ha hypereutrophic sandpit lake with high internal phosphorus loading were assessed by dosing an isolated 4.6-ha section of the lake with 34,065 L (dose = 10 mg Al·L⁻¹) of liquid aluminum sulfate (alum). During the three summers following treatment, hypolimnetic total dissolved phosphorus, epilimnetic total phosphorus, and eplimnetic total nitrogen were decreased by 97%, 74%, and 36%, respectively, in the treated section. Secchi depth was 134% greater in the treated area. Alum treatment also increased the volume of usable fish habitat by 22%, as the depth of the 3.0-mg/l dissolved oxygen isocline was 52% deeper in the treated portion than in the untreated portion. Total phytoplankton biovolume decreased by 40% and chl a concentration by 65% in the treated area. Although cyanophytes continued to dominate in die treated area, there was a shift in relative abundance from cyanophytes to bacillariophytes and chlorophytes, especially during the second summer after treatment. By the second post-treatment summer, daphnid biomass increased substantially and there was a subtle shift in relative abundance from copepods to daphnids. Overall, alum was extremely effective in controlling sediment phosphorus release rates and lowering water column phosphorus concentrations and thus improving water clarity, reducing phytoplankton biomass, shifting phytoplankton species composition from cyanophyte dominance toward bacillariophytes and chlorophytes, increasing daphnid biomass, and increasing usable fish habitat.

Key Words:

• phosphorus inactivation
• aluminum sulfate
• lake restoration
• phosphorus
• phytoplankton
• zooplankton