ABSTRACT
An analysis of ‘fractured polity’ and ‘fractious politics’ highlights the impact of multiple crises on the European Union whose distinctive characteristics have been severely tested and contested in recent years. I explore three dimensions of Europe’s fractured polity, beginning with the manner in which the Union has addressed or failed to address the crises it faces. I go on to reveal the impact of these crises on European politics, and finally point to issues that demand attention from social scientists.
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Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.
Notes
1. Spain and Portugal’s deficits in 2015 hit 5.1 per cent and 4.4 per cent.
2. including net social contributions.
3. Legrain (Citation2016).
4. de Vries (Citation2006).