Complex dielectric permittivity of rum and its mixtures with methanol, ethanol, and water at frequencies up to 15 GHz

ABSTRACT

An analysis of the complex dielectric permittivity of rum ʻHavana Club Añejo 3 Añosʼ and its mixtures with methanol, ethanol, and deionized water is presented in this work. Measurements are carried out using the open-ended coaxial probe technique within a frequency range from 500 MHz to 15 GHz. Curves of the real and imaginary parts as well as the permittivity spectra (Cole–Cole diagram) and relaxation parameters of the liquids-under-test are presented. Distribution of the relaxation parameters for the different inclusion levels is analyzed and modelled. Comparison between the measured data and permittivity mixture theory is carried out; comments on the accuracy of each are discussed. A validation of the measurement process is realized by means of an evaluation of the experimental and literature dielectric permittivity values.

KEYWORDS:

• Complex dielectric permittivity
• microwave measurements
• coaxial probe technique
• Cole–Cole relaxation
• binary mixture

Acknowledgment

The authors would like to thank Conacyt for the support of the project.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Zail Omán Rodríguez-Moré

Zail Omán Rodríguez-Moré received the degree in engineer in telecommunications and electronics from the Instituto Superior Politécnico José Antonio Echevarría, currently Universidad Tecnológica de la Habana José Antonio Echevarría, Havana City, Cuba, in 2007; he obtained the MSc degree in telecommunications system from the same institution in 2012. He is currently enrolled in the PhD studies in high frequency electronics at Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada since 2015. His research interests include antennas design, filters, amplifiers and the analysis of materials using microwave frequencies.

Humberto Lobato-Morales

Humberto Lobato-Morales obtained the BSc and MSc degrees in electronics engineering from the Universidad de las Américas-Puebla (UDLA-P), Puebla, Mexico, in 2006 and 2008, respectively, and the PhD degree in electronics from the Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, óptica y Electrónica (INAOE), Puebla, Mexico in 2013. From 2011 to 2012, he was a visiting student with the Electrical Engineering Department, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA). From 2008 to 2010, he was a research engineer with Emerging Microwaves Technologies EMT Group, INAOE, where he developed microwave techniques for characterization of materials. In October 2013, he joined Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Baja California, Mexico, where he is a researcher with the Electronics and Telecomunications Department. His research interests include microwave filters, multiplexers, antennas, and characterizations of materials using microwaves. Dr Lobato was the recipient of the IEEE MTT-11 Creativity and Originality in Microwave Measurements Award (2010) and the ROG Most Innovative Design Award (2012).

Ricardo Arturo Chávez-Pérez

Ricardo Arturo Chávez-Pérez received the BSc degree in aeronautical engineering from the Instituto Politecnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico, in 1977, the MSc degree in applied physics from the Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Baja California, Mexico, in 1990, and the PhD degree in industrial physics engineering from the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Nuevo León, México, in 2006. From 1974 to 1980, he was a research assistant with the Department of Physics, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico. Since August 1980, he has been with the High-Frequencies Group, CICESE, Baja California, Mexico. His research interests include microwave/millimeter-wave systems design, passive components design, antennas, and development of circuits for breast cancer diagnosis using microwaves.

José Luis Medina-Monroy

José Luis Medina-Monroy received the BSc degree from the Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico, in 1978, and the MSc and PhD degrees from the Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Baja California, Mexico, in 1982 and 1994, respectively. Since 1982, he has been a professor and researcher with the High-Frequencies Group, CICESE. His research interests have been focused on the characterization of microwave transistors, linear and nonlinear analysis, design of low-noise amplifiers, DROs, filters, electromagnetic analysis of planar circuits, on-wafer characterization of pHEMTs and modeling of S-parameters and nois parameters at cryogenic temperatures, design of cryogenic amplifiers, analysis and design of microwave antennas and arrays, as well as the design of RF communication system up to 40 GHz for satellite and radio-astronomy applications.