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Notes
1 Marc Leepson, “The Ken Burns Documentary—A Review,” VVA Veteran, https://vva.org/arts-of-war/the-ken-burns-documentary-a-review.
2 James Poniewozik, “Ken Burns's ‘Vietnam War’ Will Break Your Heart and Win Your Mind,” New York Times, September 14, 2017.
3 George Will, “‘The Vietnam War’ Is a Masterpiece—and a Model for Assessing Our History,” Washington Post, September 15, 2017.
4 Jeffrey P. Kimball, “Ken Burns's ‘Vietnam’: Great TV, Horrible History,” Newsweek, September 29, 2017, http://www.newsweek.com/ken-burnss-vietnam-great-tv-horrible-history-674433.
5 Alex Shephard, “The Insidious Ideology of Ken Burns's The Vietnam War,” New Republic, September 19, 2017, https://newrepublic.com/article/144864/insidious-ideology-ken-burnss-vietnam-war.
6 Peter Van Buren, “Ken Burns's ‘Vietnam War’ Is No Profile in Courage,” The American Conservative, September 26, 2017, https://newrepublic.com/article/144864/insidious-ideology-ken-burnss-vietnam-war.
7 Gregory Daddis, “What Not to Learn from Vietnam,” New York Times, September 29, 2017; Brian Robertson, “Ken Burns's Big Blunder on Vietnam—and Why It Matters,” Washington Post, October 19, 2017.
8 Tatiana Sanchez, “Veterans Angry, Disappointed Following PBS’ ‘Vietnam War,’” Mercury News, September 29, 2017.
9 See, for example, Daniel Hallin, The “Uncensored War”: The Media and Vietnam (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986); William Hammond, Reporting Vietnam: Media and Military at War (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1998); Clarence R. Wyatt, Paper Soldiers: The American Press and the Vietnam War (New York: W.W. Norton, 1993); and the more recent James Landers, The Weekly War: Newsmagazines and Vietnam (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2004).
10 Michael Arlen, Living-room War (New York: Viking Press, 1969). Arlen's book began as a series of articles in The New Yorker and was the first thorough examination of media coverage of the war.
11 Charles C. Moskos and Thomas E. Ricks, Reporting War When There Is No War: The Media and Military in Peace and Humanitarian Operations (Chicago: Robert R. McCormick Tribune Foundation, 1996), 18.
12 Frank Aukofer and William P. Lawrence, America's Team: The Odd Couple—A Report on the Relationship between the Media and the Military (Nashville: Freedom Forum First Amendment Center, 1995), 38, 63.
13 Andy Rooney, interview by author, New York, NY, September 22, 2008.
14 Richard Fine, “The Development of the ‘Pyle Style’ of War Reporting: French North Africa, 1942–43,” Media History 23, nos. 3–4 (2017): 1–15.
15 Douglas Porch, “‘No Bad Stories’: The American Media–Military Relationship,” Naval War College Review 50, no. 1 (Winter 2002): 91.
16 Porch, “No Bad Stories,” 91, 92.
17 Philip M. Taylor, War and the Media: Propaganda and Persuasion in the Gulf War (Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1998), 2–4.
18 Nan Levinson, “Snazzy Visuals, Hard Facts and Obscured Issues,” Index on Censorship 4 and 5 (1991): 27.
19 Porch, “No Bad Stories,” 94–95.
20 Jason DeParle, “After the War: Long Series of Military Decisions Led to Gulf War News Censorship,” New York Times, May 5, 1991.
21 Pascale Combelles-Siegel, The Troubled Path to the Pentagon's Rules on Media Access to the Battlefield: Grenada to Today (Carlisle Barracks, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, 1995), 20–26.
22 DeParle, “After the War.”
23 Daniel Hallin, “Media and War,” International Media Research: A Critical Survey, edited by John Corner, Philip Schlesinger, and Roger Silverstone (New York: Routledge, 1997), 214.
24 For the best explication of the index theory, see W. Lance Bennett, Regina G. Lawrence, and Steven Livingston, When the Press Fails: Political Power and the News Media from Iraq to Katrina (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007).
25 See Mary S. Mander, Pen and Swords: American War Correspondents, 1898–1975 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2010); Michael S. Sweeney, The Military and the Press: An Uneasy Truce (Chicago: Northwestern University Press, 2006); and Steven Casey, The War Beat, Europe: The American Media at War Against Nazi Germany (New York: Oxford University Press, 2017).
26 See Richard Fine, “Edward Kennedy's Long Road to Reims: The Media and the Military in World War II,” American Journalism 33, no. 3 (Summer 2016): 317–339, and Richard Fine, “‘Snakes in Our Midst’: The Media, the Military and American Policy toward Vichy North Africa,” Journalism History 27, no. 4 (2010): 59–82.
27 The Vietnam War, directed by Ken Burns and Lynn Novick (Washington, DC: PBS Distribution, 2017), DVD.