Assessment of electromyographic activity in patients with temporomandibular disorders and natural mediotrusive occlusal contact during chewing and tooth grinding

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the presence of a natural mediotrusive contact influences electromyographic (EMG) pattern activity in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs).

Method: Bilateral surface EMG activity of the anterior temporalis (AT), masseter (MM), and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles was recorded in 43 subjects during unilateral chewing and tooth grinding. Thirteen patients had TMD and a natural mediotrusive contact (Group 1), 15 had TMD without a natural mediotrusive contact (Group 2), and 15 were healthy subjects without mediotrusive contacts (Group 3). All subjects were examined according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD). All EMG values were standardized as the percentage of EMG activity recorded during maximum isometric contraction on cotton rolls.

Results: EMG activity from all muscles measured showed no significant differences between groups during chewing and grinding. Overall, in all groups, the EMG activity during chewing was higher in the working side than the non-working side in AT and MM muscles. During grinding, these differences were only found in masseter muscles (mainly in eccentric grinding). SCM EMG activity did not show significant differences during chewing and grinding tasks. Symmetry, muscular balance, and absence of lateral jaw displacement were common findings in all groups.

Discussion: EMG results suggest that the contribution of a natural mediotrusive occlusal contact to EMG patterns in TMD patients is minor. Therefore, the elimination of this occlusal feature for therapeutic purposes could be not indicated.

Keywords:

• Dental occlusion
• Electromyography
• Mastication
• Tooth grinding
• Masticatory muscles
• Neck muscles
• Natural mediotrusive occlusal contact
• Temporomandibular disorders

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully wish to thank all the volunteers and staff at the Laboratory of Movement Analysis (LAM) and Laboratory of Functional Anatomy of the Stomatognathic System (LAFAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy. We also thank Professors Corrado Paganelli and Luca Visconti for their valuable help in the recruitment of patients.