Distraction of the temporomandibular joint condyle in patients with unilateral non-reducing disc displacement: Fact or fiction?

Abstract

Objectives: This study investigated the distractive effect of a unilateral pivot splint on patients with unilateral disc displacement without reduction.

Methods: The study group was comprised of 18 patients who had no history of treatment with removable prosthetic restorations of molars, premolars, or canine teeth, and no previous treatment for temporomandibular disorder. Joint spaces measurements made on magnetic resonance images indicated the affected side to be narrower than the healthy side. Unilateral distraction splints were made for all patients. An ultrasonic motion analyzer was used to measure the vertical shift occurring on the affected side as patients closed their mouths with maximal force with the splint in their mouths.

Results: Closing with maximal force on the unilateral distraction splint led to a noticeable downward movement of the affected condyle.

Discussion: The findings of this study indicate that the TMJ condyle of patients with unilateral disc displacement without reduction may be unilaterally distracted if the articular space is narrowed.

Keywords:

• Temporomandibular joint load
• distraction splint
• joint distraction
• condylar position
• joint space measurement