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ABSTRACT
Poor sleep is common in substance use disorders (SUDs) and is a risk factor for relapse. Within the context of a multicomponent, mindfulness-based sleep intervention that included mindfulness meditation (MM) for adolescent outpatients with SUDs (n = 55), this analysis assessed the contributions of MM practice intensity to gains in sleep quality and self-efficacy related to SUDs. Eighteen adolescents completed a 6-session study intervention and questionnaires on psychological distress, sleep quality, mindfulness practice, and substance use at baseline, 8, 20, and 60 weeks postentry. Program participation was associated with improvements in sleep and emotional distress, and reduced substance use. MM practice frequency correlated with increased sleep duration and improvement in self-efficacy about substance use. Increased sleep duration was associated with improvements in psychological distress, relapse resistance, and substance use–related problems. These findings suggest that sleep is an important therapeutic target in substance abusing adolescents and that MM may be a useful component to promote improved sleep.
The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the contributions of John Leggio, Patrick Borasso, Robert Miller, and Lucy Ledi for help in recruiting adolescents from their substance abuse treatment programs and the collaborative contributions of the research team members, Sally Stevens, Elaine Bailey, Sabrina Hitt, Michael Cameron, and Keith Fridel.
This study was supported by contract from the Office of the National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP). The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the funding agency.