Evolution of South American Paucituberculata (Metatheria: Marsupialia): adaptive radiation and climate changes at the Eocene- Oligocene boundary

ABSTRACT

The Eocene-Oligocene boundary (EOB) marks a period of remodeling in the metatherian faunas of South America. Paucituberculata was one of the groups that successfully diversified as the climate and environment conditions changed, and they became, during the first part of the Neogene, an important component of micromammal assemblages. Among paucituberculatans, the non-pichipilid palaeothentoids (NPP) has been recognized as the clade that diversified most widely in post-EOB times. Here we explore the evolutionary response of the NPP to the climatic-environmental changes around the EOB, by analysing the temporal patterns of disparity, taxonomic diversity and body mass in a phylogenetic context. To asses the magnitude of the NPP radiation comparisons based on these macroevolutionary parameters were done with its sister-group Pichipilidae, and its next closest relative, the Caenolestidae. In all considered parameters, NPP reached values significantly higher than the remaining paucituberculatans clades. From its initial diversification in the middle Eocene, taxonomic diversity increased through time, but it was decoupled from disparity across the EOB, and from the late Oligocene to early Miocene. The Oligocene emerges as the key period in NPP evolution, which is evidenced by a significant and concordant expansion of disparity and taxonomic diversity, suggesting evolution into empty ecospace.

KEYWORDS:

• Cenozoic
• disparity
• diversity
• body size
• marsupials

Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Robin M. D. Beck and an anonymous reviewer who provided critical discussions and constructive suggestions that improved the final manuscript. We thanks to G.H. Cassini (MACN-CONICET) for his help with programming of jack-knifing function in R. This research was supported by a grant from CONICET (PIP 0446).

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Supplementary Materials

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