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Experimental Heat Transfer
A Journal of Thermal Energy Generation, Transport, Storage, and Conversion
Volume 35, 2022 - Issue 7
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Research Article

Experimental study of electrospray deposition method parameters on TiO_2 coating structure in pool boiling performance enhancement

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Pages 1038-1058 | Received 05 Aug 2021, Accepted 25 Nov 2021, Published online: 06 Jan 2022
 

ABSTRACT

In this research work, pool-boiling heat transfer is conducted with the consideration of TiO2 hydrophilic nanoparticles as coating material using Electrospray Deposition (ESD) method. The study focused on the impact of spray parameters such as injection flow rate, solution concentration, and spray time on the formation of the coating structure, porosity, cavity characteristics, and thickness. Moreover, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Profilometric Analysis, and Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) images were utilized to analyze the surfaces. As a result, pool boiling was ameliorated by reaching the effective cavity size, rewetting the surface, and improving the bubble departure mechanism. Furthermore, the coating’s stability and adhesion were examined in the boiling results, due to the existence of a small decrease in the curves. The optimal case increased the Maximum Heat Flux (MHF) and maximum Heat Transfer Coefficient (HTC) up to 90% and 118.3%, respectively. In addition, reduced the superheat temperature to 31.7% relative to the plain copper surface.

Nomenclature

Symbols

A area (m2)

T temprature (K)

Csf a constant value of Rohsenow (dimensionless)

hfg latent heat of vaporization (J/kg)

cpfspecificheatofliquidphaseJ/kg.K

teevaporationtimes

θcontactangle 

KelectricalConductivityμS/cm

Cemperialconstantdimensionless

deneedlediametermm

Ldistancecm

ggravitym/s2

TssurfaceTempratureK

TlliquidTempratureK

Prprandtlnumberdimensionless

Greek Symbols

volumeconcentration%

ΔTsuperheattempratureK

ε0permitivityoffreespaceA2. s4/kg. m3

εrrelaticelypermitivitydimensionless

γsurfacetensionN/m

ρfliquiddensitykg/m3

ρggasdensitykg/m3

αemperialconstantdimensionless

φsurfaceorientation 

μfliquidviscosityN.s/m2

Abbreviations

ESDelectrospray deposition

CHFcritical heat flux

MHFmaximum heat flux

HTCheat transfer coefficient

XRDx-ray diffraction

EDXenergy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy

SEMscanning electron microscopy

DAQdata acquisition system

PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene

RTDresistance temperature detector

Wt.weight fraction

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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