Flood Protection in Venice under Conditions of Sea-Level Rise: An Analysis of Institutional and Technical Measures

Abstract

It is widely acknowledged that in times of climate change loss of coastal resources and risk for human life can be minimized by implementing adaptation strategies. Such strategies need to encompass a balanced mix of non-structural (institutional) and structural (technical) measures based on sound scientific knowledge. This article discusses measures carried out to protect the city of Venice, Italy from flooding (locally known as “high water”), and reflects on their ability to anticipate a possible acceleration of sea-level rise as induced by climate change. It is based on scientific literature, legislative and policy documents of key institutions, reports and documents of organizations working on Venice issues, newspaper articles, and interviews. Our analysis shows that the synergic action of the hydraulic defense infrastructure under construction is in principle adequate to withstand a broad range of sea-level rise scenarios for the next 100 years. However, when the goal is to use these investments effectively major changes in the existing institutional arrangements will be required in the years to come. The Venice findings point out the difficulties and yet the importance of identifying and implementing both non-structural and structural measures to adapt to climate change.

Keywords:

• coastal management
• climate change
• institutions
• storm surge barriers
• water governance

Notes

1. Important coastal functions include regulation of hydrological flows, formation and retention of soil and silt, storm protection and flood control, retention and processing of nutrients and organic matter, providing habitat for biodiversity, providing food, opportunities for recreational activities and non-commercial uses, waste assimilation, pollution control and detoxification, opportunities for transportation, and space for housing (Costanza et al. 1997).

2. All Ufficio di Piano advisory documents and thematic reports are publicly available at http://www.magisacque.it/uff_piano/uff_piano.htm. Minutes, notes, and presentations can be viewed with the first and second author, previous acquisition of permission from the Ufficio di Piano through its chairman, the president of the Venice Water Authority.