Notes
1 YPT’s and SMST’s emphasis on compliance to organizational structures and policies makes the trainings seem similar to human resource development (HRD) (c.f., Illeris, Citation2011). However, YPT and SMST are intended to promote successful and ethical interactions between adults and youth, as opposed to HRD’s managerial emphasis (Illeris, Citation2011).
2 Tessmer and Richey (Citation1997) likewise identified learning schedules and learners’ role perceptions, or learners’ desired student roles in a given instructional experience.