Inhibitory effects of vorinostat (SAHA) against food-borne pathogen Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky mixed culture biofilm with virulence and quorum-sensing relative expression

Abstract

Salmonella is a food-borne microorganism that is also a zoonotic bacterial hazard in the food sector. This study determined how well a mixed culture of Salmonella Kentucky formed biofilms on plastic (PLA), silicon rubber (SR), rubber gloves (RG), chicken skin and eggshell surfaces. In vitro interactions between the histone deacetylase inhibitor-vorinostat (SAHA)-and S. enterica serotype Kentucky were examined utilizing biofilms. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of SAHA was 120 µg mL⁻¹. The addition of sub-MIC (60 µg mL⁻¹) of SAHA decreased biofilm formation for 24 h on PLA, SR, RG, Chicken skin, and eggshell by 3.98, 3.84, 4.11, 2.86 and 3.01 log (p < 0.05), respectively. In addition, the initial rate of bacterial biofilm formation was higher on chicken skin than on other surfaces, but the inhibitory effect was reduced. Consistent with this conclusion, virulence genes expression (avrA, rpoS and hilA) and quorum-sensing (QS) gene (luxS) was considerably downregulated at sub-MIC of SAHA. SAHA has potential as an anti-biofilm agent against S. enterica serotype Kentucky biofilm, mostly by inhibiting virulence and quorum-sensing gene expression, proving the histone deacetylase inhibitor could be used to control food-borne biofilms in the food industry.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Keywords:

• Food-contact surfaces
• food surfaces
• gene expression
• Salmonella Kentucky
• Vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid
• SAHA)

Authorship contribution

PKR: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Data curation, Writing- Original draft preparation, and Editing. AJWH: Data curation, Reviewing and Editing. SN: Reviewing and Editing. MIH: Reviewing and Editing, MA: Reviewing and Editing. SHT: Reviewing and Editing. MFRM: Reviewing and Editing. IK: Reviewing and Editing. SDH: Conceptualization, supervision, funding acquisition, investigation, Reviewing and Editing. All authors have carefully read, review, editing and agreed to publish the manuscript.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) [grant number 2020R1F1A1067519].