A Story About Beaver Slavery in Arabic, Northern European, and Persian Sources

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Notes

1. See also the edition and translation by Inger Ekrem, Lars Boje Mortensen, and Peter Fisher.

2. See also a similar description in Gerald of Wales’s The Journey Through Wales (174–75). That description from Journey is repeated verbatim in The Description of Wales (Gerald of Wales, Journey, 227–28).

3. See The King’s Mirror (Speculum regale-Konungs skuggsjá), trans. Larson.

4. For a (German) translation, see Zakarija ben Muhammed ben Mahmûd el-Kazwîni’s Kosmographie, trans. Hermann Ethé.

5. For a scholar who acknowledges Morgan’s insight, see Sax.

6. The Travels are translated in Ibn Fadlan and the Land of Darkness: Arab Travellers in the Far North, trans. Paul Lunde and Caroline Stone.