High pressure inactivation of Pseudomonas in black truffle – comparison with Pseudomonas fluorescens in tryptone soya broth

Abstract

Pseudomonas is one of the most common genera in black Perigord truffle. Its inactivation by high pressure (100–500 MPa/10 min) applied on truffles at sub-zero or low temperatures was studied and compared with those of Pseudomonas fluorescens in tryptone soya broth. Pressurization of truffles at 300 MPa/4 °C reduced the bacterial count of Pseudomonas by 5.3 log cycles. Higher pressures of 400 or 500 MPa, at 4 °C or 20 °C, allowed us to slightly increase the level of destruction to the value of ca. 6.5 log cycles but did not permit us to completely inactivate Pseudomonas. The results showed a residual charge of about 10 CFU/g. Pressure-shift freezing of truffles, which consists in applying a pressure of 200 MPa/−18 °C for 10 min and then quickly releasing this pressure to induce freezing, reduced the population of Pseudomonas by 3.3 log cycles. The level of inactivation was higher than those obtained with conventional freezing. Endogenous Pseudomonas in truffle was shown to be more resistant to high pressure treatments than P. fluorescens used for inoculation of broths.

Keywords:

• high pressure
• truffle
• inactivation
• Pseudomonas fluorescens
• Pseudomonas

Acknowledgements

This study was financially supported by the program FEDER, the Conseil général de la Dordogne and the Communauté d'Agglomération Périgourdine.