The Effects of a Peer Modeling Intervention on Cardiorespiratory Fitness Parameters and Self-Efficacy in Obese Adolescents

Abstract

Inconsistencies exist in the assessment and interpretation of peak VO₂ in the pediatric obese population, as cardiorespiratory fitness assessments are effort-dependent and psychological variables prevalent in this population must be addressed. This study examined the effect of a peer modeling intervention on cardiorespiratory fitness performance and task self-efficacy in obese youth completing a maximal treadmill test. Forty-nine obese (BMI ≥ 95th percentile for age and sex) youth were randomized to an experimental (received an intervention) or to a control group. The outcome variables were mean and variability cardiorespiratory fitness (peak VO₂, heart rate, duration, respiratory exchange ratio), rating of perceived exertion, and task self-efficacy scores. Irrespective of whether a mean or variability score was used, receiving the intervention was associated with non-significant trends in fitness parameters and task self-efficacy over time, favoring the experimental group. Cardiorespiratory fitness and task self-efficacy were moderately correlated at both time points. To elucidate the aforementioned findings, psychosocial factors affecting obese youth and opportunities to modify the peer modeling intervention should be considered. Addressing these factors has the potential to improve standard of care in a clinical setting regarding pretest patient education.

Keywords:

• observational learning
• obesity
• adolescents
• VO₂ max
• self-efficacy