Benefits of Yoga on IL-6: Findings from a Randomized Controlled Trial of Yoga for Depression

Abstract

The present research sought to examine whether hatha yoga, implemented as an adjunctive intervention for major depression, influences markers of inflammation. A subset of 84 participants who were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of hatha yoga vs. health education control provided blood samples at baseline (pre-treatment) and at 3-(during treatment) and 10-week (end of treatment) follow-up visits. To be eligible for the RCT, participants met criteria for a current or recent (past two years) major depressive episode, had current elevated depression symptoms, and current antidepressant medication use. Venous blood was drawn between 2 and 6 pm and following at least one hour of fasting, and inflammatory markers (IL-6, CRP, and TNF-α) were assayed. Effects of participation in yoga relative to health education on inflammatory markers over time were examined with latent growth analyses. We observed a significant reduction in IL-6 concentrations in the yoga treatment group relative to the health education control group as demonstrated by a negative interaction between treatment group and slope of IL-6. TNF-α and CRP did not evidence significant interactions of treatment group by mean slope or intercept. In addition to the benefits of hatha yoga as an adjunctive intervention for individuals who have shown inadequate response to antidepressant medications, our findings point to possible benefits of yoga on IL-6 in depressed populations. Further research is needed to explore the effects of hatha yoga on immune function over time.

TRIAL REGISTRATION::

• clinicaltrials.gov Identifier
• NCT01384916

Keywords:

• Hatha yoga
• depression
• cytokines
• IL-6
• CRP
• TNF-α

Disclosure statement

Dr. Uebelacker’s spouse is employed by Abbvie Pharmaceuticals.

Additional information

Funding

This project was supported by grant NR012005 (Uebelacker). Dr. Nugent’s effort is supported by R01MH108641 and 105379. Dr. Brick’s effort is supported by T32MH019927. Dr. Tyrka’s effort is supported by R01MH1011071 and R01HD086487. Dr. Ridout’s effort was supported by R25MH101076.