Autologous conditioned serum for degenerative diseases and prospects

Abstract

Autologous conditioned serum (ACS) is a blood-derived product that is prepared by the incubation of whole blood with medical-grade glass beads, resulting in serum enrichment in interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13), and high concentrations of growth factors. ACS has shown qualitatively and quantitatively better therapeutic effects than most established pharmacological treatments and surgery for joint diseases given its ability to both target the inflammatory cascade to decrease cartilage destruction as well as improve endogenous repair mechanisms. ACS application is simple and safe with limited adverse effects. This article reviews the role of ACS in degenerative joint disease, in addition to other inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, given its regenerative and immune-modulating properties.

Keywords:

• Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist
• autologous conditioned serum
• growth factor
• degenerative disease
• inflammatory diseases

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran for supporting this work.

Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Author contributions

Seyed Kazem Shakouri designed and wrote the manuscript. Sanam Dolati wrote the manuscript, drew table and figure and supervised the study and correspondence during the paper submission. Jessica Santhakumar and Avnesh S. Thakor edited the final version of the manuscript. Reza Yarani edited the final version of the manuscript and correspondence during the paper submission.

Disclosure statement

There is no conflict of interest.