Augmented experimental design for bioavailability enhancement: a robust formulation of abiraterone acetate

Abstract

Abiraterone acetate (ABRTA) is clinically beneficial in management of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (PC-3). With highlighted low solubility and permeability, orally hampered treatment of ABRTA necessitate high dose to achieve therapeutic efficacy. To triumph these challenges, we aimed to develop intestinal lymphatic transport facilitating lipid-based delivery to enhance bioavailability. ABRTA-containing self-nano emulsified drug delivery (ABRTA-SNEDDS) was statistically optimized by D-optimal design using design expert. Optimized formulation was characterized for particle size, thermodynamic stability, in vitro release, in vivo bioavailability, intestinal lymphatic transport, in vitro cytotoxic effect, anti-metastatic activity, and apoptosis study. Moreover, hemolysis and histopathology studies have been performed to assess pre-clinical safety. Nano-sized particles and successful saturated drug loading were obtained for optimized formulation. In vitro release upto 98.61 ± 3.20% reveal effective release of formulation at intestinal pH 6.8. ABRTA-SNEDDS formulation shows enhanced in vivo exposure of Abiraterone (2.5-fold) than ABRTA suspension in Sprague–Dawley rats. In vitro efficacy in PC-3 cell line indicates 3.69-fold higher therapeutic potential of nano drug delivery system. Hemolysis and histopathology study indicates no significant toxicities to red blood cells and tissues, respectively. Apparently, an opportunistic strategy to increasing bioavailability of ABRTA via intestinal lymphatic transport will create a viable platform in rapidly evolving chemotherapy. Enhanced translational utility of delivery was also supported through in vitro therapeutic efficacy and safety assessments.

Highlights

• Abiraterone acetate is a prostate cancer drug, impeded with low bioavailability.

• ABRTA loaded in self nano emulsifying drug delivery enhanced its bioavailability.

• Intestinal lymphatic transport played role in enhanced bioavailability of ABRTA.

• ABRTA-SNEDDS enhanced in vitro cytotoxic activity of ABRTA.

• ABRTA-SNEDDS found safe in preclinical safety evaluations

Keywords:

• Abiraterone acetate
• lipid-based delivery
• Design expert
• SNEDDS
• bioavailability

Acknowledgments

Author RK and AH are thankful to ICMR for fellowship. MR, RG, and SV are thankful to CSIR for research fellowship. KM and JRG are thankful to CSIR for financial support. All authors are thankful to the SAIF division, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, for providing FACS facility. The authors are thankful to the Director, CSIR-CDRI for constant encouragement and support. CDRI communication number: 10393.

Disclosure statement

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.