Executive Functioning and Adaptive Living Skills after Acquired Brain Injury

Abstract

Executive dysfunction is common following brain injury, with impairments involving attention, social pragmatics, higher-order thinking, judgment, and reasoning. Executive function impairments may have a direct impact on an individual's ability to return to instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), including employment, money management, driving, and maintaining a residence. Research has shown that neuropsychological executive function measures may be able to predict daily-living skills. There is limited research evaluating the relationship between executive functions and IADLs in adults with acquired brain injuries (ABI), with none investigating levels of proficiency as related to specific test scores. We hypothesize that neuropsychological executive function measures will have significant and moderate-to-strong correlations with participant-rated proficiency on functional tasks as measured by the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory. Results support that IQ and some of the executive function measures (Processing Speed, Working Memory, and Trail-Making Test-Part B) correlated significantly and strongly and explained unique variance in all IADLs in this study. Data suggest that individuals with ABI who performed in the higher end of the low-average range or higher on measures of executive functioning tend to require little or no assistance to be independent with transportation, money management, living without support, and employment. Results also suggest that individuals with less executive dysfunction are likely to have greater overall community participation.

Key words:

• acquired brain injury
• adaptive functioning
• daily-living skills
• executive functioning
• Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory-Fourth Edition

Notes

Note. Numbers 0 to 4 represent level of independence with activities.

Note. Underlined numbers (0, 1) represent groups who are independent..

Note. Underlined numbers (0, 1) represent groups who are independent; ns = not significant; — represents levels of functioning that had no participants.

*Significance at ≤.05.

**Significance at ≤.01.

*Significance at ≤.05.

**Significance at ≤.01.