Extracting Volterra series representation from X-parameters for the modeling of microwave device

Abstract

As a classic mathematical means, Volterra series are good representations for the description of nonlinear microwave devices and systems. However, the difficulty in extracting accurate kernel functions is the most important reason that limits wider application of Volterra series. In this research, the X-parameters proposed in recent years are used to resolve this problem for the first time. The extraction method is detailed, and the results show that it is very convenient to obtain Volterra series representation by using X-parameters. A power amplifier was measured to verify the proposed approach, and a good agreement has been achieved between the measured results and the predicted data based on the Volterra series. The method proposed in this paper is useful for accurate and fast modeling of modern microwave devices.