Dielectric properties of glycosuria at 0.2-50 GHz using microwave spectroscopy

Abstract

In this study, we analyzed the dielectric behavior of urine among subjects with diabetes mellitus. The measurements were conducted using an open-ended coaxial probe at microwave frequencies between 0.2 and 50 GHz at room temperature (25 °C), 30 °C and human body temperature (37 °C), respectively. The strongest statistically significant difference in dielectric properties across different glycosuria groups (F (2, 41) = 8.681; p < 0.01) was reported at room temperature (25 °C). Dielectric constant increased with glycosuria level more than 500 mg/dl (>0.5%) at low frequencies. Dielectric constant correlated positively with glycosuria level at frequency above 40 GHz while loss factor correlated negatively with glycosuria level at frequency above 15 GHz. The experimental data closely matched the Debye model.

Keywords:

• dielectric properties
• glucose
• urine
• temperature
• frequency
• Debye model

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the University of Malaya under the Postgraduate Research [grant number PG036-2013A].