Double split labyrinth resonator-based CPW-fed hybrid fractal antennas for PCS/UMTS/WLAN/Wi-MAX applications

ABSTRACT

In this manuscript, the design of double split labyrinth resonator (DSLR)-based Coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed hybrid fractal antennas has been presented for distinct wireless applications. The proposed hybrid antennas are designed by fusing the Hilbert and Koch fractal geometries together and the resulted structure is named Hilbert Koch–Koch Hybrid Fractal Antenna (HKKHFA). The proposed antennas differ from each other in the feed line locations only. The CPW feed line is applied to excite the antennas at two different locations as Left and Right CPW-fed, and the proposed antennas are also named HKKHFA with Left CPW-fed and HKKHFA with Right CPW-fed. The ground plane of the proposed antennas is being modified to attain the better results. The proposed HKKHFA with Left and Right CPW-fed are also being loaded with DSLR on the reverse side of substrate for attaining wideband characteristics, better impedance matching and enhanced gain. The overall size of the proposed HKKHFAs is 30 × 30 × 1.6 mm³ and is being designed on low-cost FR4 glass epoxy substrate with a relative permittivity of 4.4 and a thickness of 1.6. The results of unloaded and loaded proposed antennas (HKKHFA with Left and Right CPW-fed) are juxtaposed with each other and revealed that the loaded HKKHFA exhibits wider bandwidth and better impedance matching. Prototypes of HKKHFAs loaded with DSLR for both the feed locations are fabricated and tested for their results, and found good agreement between simulated and experimental results. The proposed HKKHFA loaded with DSLR for both CPW-feds exhibits the peak gain of 4.40/4.95 dB and a maximum bandwidth of 7.69/7.36 GHz, and it is useful for different wireless standards.

KEYWORDS:

• DSLR
• metamaterial
• HKKHFA
• wideband
• fractal
• Koch curve
• Hilbert curve

ORCID

Narinder Sharma http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4849-9491

Sumeet Singh Bhatia http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5509-5516

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Narinder Sharma

Narinder Sharma is BE (Electronics), MTech (ECE) and PhD (ECE) from Uttrakhand Technical University, Dehradun, India. He has a total of 23 Years of experience. Six years' experience in the industry and 17 years' experience in teaching. He has been associated with Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering of Amritsar College of Engineering and Technology, Amritsar since 2004. Presently, he has been heading the department of Electronics & Communication Engineering and department of Electrical Engineering. He has more than 8 years' experience in the administration and 10 years' experience in research. He is reviewer of the various esteemed journals like IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), Indian Journal of Radio & Space Physics (IJRSP) of NISCAIR, International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer Aided Engine (WILEY) and Artificial Intelligence Review (Springer). He is Editorial Board member of “i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems”. He has successfully guided more than 26 students for M.Tech. Thesis and 01 student is pursuing PhD under him. He is appointed as Board of Studies member and External Examiner by I.K.G. Punjab Technical University for the evaluation of PhD aspirants. He has established the Antenna Designing Lab. in ACET with help of grant Rs. 80,00,000 received from DST under FIST program. He was Session Chair and Co-Chair for various reputed international conferences including 3rd IEEE International Conference on MOOCs, Innovation and Technology in Education (MITE-2015). He has delivered the expert talk in IKGPTU sponsored FDP and also attended various Workshops, FDP's and Conferences. More than 63 research papers in peer-reviewed International Journals and 24 papers in reputed International/National conferences goes into his credit.

Sumeet Singh Bhatia

Sumeet Singh Bhatia was born at Sri Karanpur, Rajasthan in 1990. He received Bachelor of Technology degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from Amritsar college of Engineering and Technology, Amritsar, Punjab, India in 2012. He completed his Master of Technology degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from Yadavindra College of Engineering, Guru Kashi Campus, Punjabi University, Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda, Punjab, India in 2015. He is reviewer of the various esteemed journals like International Journal of Electronics, Electronics Letter (Taylor and Francis), Progress In Electromagnetic Research (PIER) and International Journal of Sensors, Wireless Communications and Control (Bentham Science Publishers). More than 13 research papers in various International Journals and referred conferences goes into his credit. His research interest lies in the areas of microstrip, fractal and Ultra-wideband antennas.