Optimised design & analysis of high gain 3×3 square patch array antennas with six ports for airborne application in S-Band

Abstract

The design and characteristic analysis of high isolation of 3×3 series feed square microstrip patch antenna array, having six ports, compromised with 3×3 edge feed square patches interconnected with each other are discussed in this paper. A sequential and simultaneous excitation occurs to each port/plane to achieve the beam scanning mechanism. Phase has varied each port to visualise the beam scanning phenomenon from −29.5° to +29.5°. The simulated and measured return loss result, gain profile, and radiation pattern are verified to prove the beam scanning range is ± 29.5°. The surface current distribution of each port of the proposed antenna array and the E-field and H-field radiation patterns was studied to evaluate the parameters such as reflection coefficient, individual port total gain, SLL (side lobe label),HPBW (half-power beamwidth) and FBR (front to back ratio). All vertical and horizontal ports were researched individually and together to understand the beam scanning mechanism.

KEYWORDS:

• Antenna array
• side lobe label
• isolation coefficient
• front to back ratio
• beam scanning
• radiation pattern

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Mr. R K Bahl, Head, Optical Communication Division, Satcom and Navigation Payload Area, Space Application Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Ahmedabad 380053, for the necessary experimental support.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work is financially supported by Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO ), Ahmedabad, India, with ISRO Respond project entitled ‘A novel Mach–Zehnder Modulator based integrated photonic highly steerable beam-forming system for broadband satellite communication link’. The work is carried out under Project number: ISRO/(10)/2018-2019/571/ECE (grant number DS-2B-13012(2)/13/2018 and ISRO/RES/3/775/19-20 dated 4 Feb 2020).

Notes on contributors

Md Danish Nadeem

Md Danish Nadeem received the B.Tech degree in electronics & instrumentation engineering from Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Uttar Pradesh, India, and the M.Tech degree in Instrumentation and Control Engineering from Rajasthan Technical University, Kota, Rajasthan, India, in 2013. He has ten years of teaching experience as an Assistant Professor at the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering. He is pursuing his PhD at the Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad, Dhanbad, India. His research interests include FBG based sensor, Microwave Photonics, True time delay-based beam steering system, Nano Antenna, Tera-Hertz Antenna.

Sanjeev Kumar Raghuwanshi

Sanjeev Kumar Raghuwanshi (Senior Member, IEEE) earned a bachelor's degree in electronic and instrumentation engineering from the Shri Govindram Seksaria Institute of Technology and Science in Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, in August 1999, a master's degree in solid state technology from IIT Kharagpur in Kharagpur, India, in January 2002, and a Ph.D. degree in the field of optics from the Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, He worked as a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Instrumentation and Sensor Division, School of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, City University of London, London, United Kingdom, from 2014 to 2015. He works as an Associate Professor at IIT (ISM) Dhanbad's Electronics Engineering Department. In the previous ten years, he has published over 100 peer-reviewed and indexed international SCI journal papers. He has six books in the field of current optical fibres. Six Indian patents have been filed and published in the last five years. Several central government funding agencies, including the Department of Atomic Energy, the Government of India (GOI), the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) GOI, the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) GOI, and others, have sanctioned and executed his research and development projects. He is a Life Member of the Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers (IETE) and the International Academy of Physics Sciences, as well as a Fellow of the Optical Society of India (OSI). For his postdoctoral degree, he was awarded the Erusmus Mundus Scholarship. He has contributed to IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and measurement, IEEE Sensors Journal, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, and IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics as a reviewer. He serves on the editorial boards of various Indian publications and serves as a reviewer for them.