Controlled manipulation of CNTs in glass/epoxy composites with cut-outs using non-uniform electric field

Abstract

In this work, an effective methodology to incorporate aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in long fiber composites in the presence of geometric discontinuities has been studied. Unidirectional (UD) glass/CNT-epoxy composites containing circular cut-outs were used as representative of a common discontinuity. Multi-walled (MW) CNTs were introduced in the composites via the epoxy matrix and aligned using low-frequency non-uniform AC electric field. This work discusses the methodology to control CNT alignment around the cut-out with the objective of enhancing the stiffness locally. The effectiveness of CNT alignment was assessed indirectly through the mapping of electrical resistance and polarized Raman spectroscopy. A strong correlation was found between the targeted CNT alignment state and the measured resistance values around the cut-out. As a precursor to developing glass/CNT-epoxy hierarchical composites, the response of MW-CNTs in the epoxy resin system was assessed at various input voltage levels in correlation with the weight fraction (wt.%) of CNTs. While a change in electrical resistance by ~3 orders of magnitude was found along the direction of CNT alignment in the hierarchical composites, a change in electrical resistance by ~5 orders of magnitude was observed in the CNT-epoxy composites in comparison with that of the respective control samples.

Keywords:

• non-uniform electric field
• dielectrophoresis
• CNT alignment
• multiscale composites
• electrical resistance mapping

Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the Naval Research Board (NRB/4003/PG/359), Defence Research and Development Organization, Ministry of Defence, India for funding this research work. The electrical resistance measurement and Raman spectroscopy were carried out at Micro and Nanocharacterization Facility located at Centre for Nanoscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India. The authors are thankful to Mr Abhilash M.N., and Mr Sagar K., Department of Aerospace Engineering, IISc, for their help during sample fabrication and testing.

Disclosure Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Supplementary material

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed here.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Naval Research Board, Defence Research Development Organisation (DRDO), (NRB/4003/PG/359), IndiaNRB - DRDO India 359.