Choroidal Lymphoma: Diagnostic Value of Combined Indocyanine Green Angiography and Optical Coherence Tomography

ABSTRACT

Objective

To compare multimodal imaging findings in patients with choroidal lymphoma (CL).

Methods

Multicenter retrospective observational case series. Multimodal imaging features of patients with CL were reviewed with particular attention to the patterns of choroidal infiltration on indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Results

Eighteen eyes of 15 patients were included in this study. Average tumor thickness on ultrasonography was 2.6 mm (range, 1.2-5.7 mm). Choroidal infiltration on ICGA was characterized by multifocal, round areas (300-500 microns diameter) of hypocyanescence in all cases, whereas OCT at the same region disclosed diffuse choroidal infiltration. By OCT, the tumor surface contour was primarily placid (22%), dome-shaped (11%), or undulating (67%).

Conclusions

In this analysis of eyes with CL, ICGA demonstrated multifocal sub-millimeter regions of choroidal hypocyanescence whereas OCT documented diffuse choroidal infiltration. This incongruence could be a distinctive diagnostic feature of choroidal lymphoma, assisting with differentiation from other pathological entities.

KEYWORDS:

• Choroid
• lymphoma
• granuloma
• indocyanine green angiography
• optical coherence tomography
• swept source
• sea-sick
• placid
• lumpy bumpy

Disclosure statement

Marco Pellegrini received grants and lecture fees from Heidelberg Engineering.

Giovanni Staurenghi received grants and personal fees from Optovue Inc., Heidelberg Engineering, Zeiss Meditec, Nidek, and Centervue.

Additional information

Funding

The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.