The Problem of Trachoma within an Onchocerciasis-Endemic Zone in Kaduna: Need for a Multilateral Approach?

Abstract

Introduction: Within the mesoendemic onchocerciasis belt of Kaduna State, Northern Nigeria, there were other causes of ocular morbidity as well. We investigated the contribution of trachoma. Methods: A total of 6831 individuals were examined for eye disease, including signs of trachoma. Results: The overall prevalence of trachoma was 4.5% (577 eyes of 310 individuals), making it the second most common cause (1 in 5) of ocular morbidity after cataracts. Of the 577 eyes, 405 (70.2%) had cicatrizing disease while the rest had active disease. Overall, the prevalence of TF was 1.1% (1.3% in those < 10 years of age), TI 0.2%, TS 3%, CO 0.5% and TT 1.1% (4.3% and 3.5% in subjects aged > 55 and > 40 years, respectively). The prevalence of trachoma increased with age. The overall prevalence of blindness in the whole population was 2.7%. Trachoma accounted for 11% of this. On the other hand, onchocerciasis accounted for 3.1% of the overall ocular morbidity (less than trachoma) and 39% of the blindness. Conclusions: There appears to be a clear need to retrain middle cadre ivermectin workers in trachoma rapid assessment and SAFE strategy intervention methods in order to further impact blindness prevention in these ‘onchocerciasis-endemic’ zones.

KEYWORDS:

• Blindness
• entropion
• ocular morbidity
• onchocerciasis
• trachoma epidemiology
• trachoma prevention
• SAFE strategy
• underdeveloped countries
• Nigeria