Disparities in Access to Medical Care for Individuals with Vision Impairment

Abstract

Purpose: We investigated the relationship between blindness and vision impairment and access to medical care. Methods: Pooled data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) years 2002–2004 were used to identify non-institutionalized individuals over the age of 40 with either self-reported blindness, vision impairment, or no vision impairment (n = 40,643). Differences in access to care measures by vision status were assessed, after adjusting for the complex sampling design of the MEPS, using either two-sided z-tests or two-sided t-tests. Results: Individuals with blindness and vision impairment report having more access problems related to cost of care, availability of insurance coverage, transportation issues, and refusal of services by providers, although they do not report lower rates of having a usual source of care compared to those without vision impairment. Conclusions: The results suggest that access to care for individuals with blindness and vision impairment is problematic, for reasons that are amenable to policy interventions.

Keywords:

• access to care
• vision care
• medical care
• Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)