Association Between Three Atopic Triad and Retinal Vein Occlusion Risk: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

ABSTRACT

Purpose

To evaluate the association between three allergic diseases (allergic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma) and the development of retinal vein occlusion (RVO), a major retinal disease that causes visual impairment.

Method

This study used data obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance Claims database between 2009 and 2018. The association between the three atopic triads (allergic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma) and the occurrence of sight-threatening RVO, as determined by diagnostic and treatment codes, were analyzed. Multivariate adjusted Cox regression analysis was used to determine the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals for RVO development in the presence of allergic disease.

Results

In this population-based study, 2,160,195 (54.6%) individuals were male, 1,794,968 (45.4%) were female, and 620,938 (15.7%) were diagnosed with allergic diseases. Patients with either asthma or allergic rhinitis had a greater risk of RVO (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.101, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.029–1.178 for asthma; aHR = 1.181, 95% CI = 1.147–1.215 for allergic rhinitis) compared to those without asthma or allergic rhinitis; however, patients with atopic dermatitis did not show a significant association with RVO (aHR = 1.071, 95% CI = 0.889–1.290), after adjusting for other risk factors.

Conclusion

Our study revealed that allergic rhinitis, asthma, and coexisting multiple allergic conditions were associated with an increased risk of RVO. Thus, it may be advisable to suggest an ophthalmological examination for patients with allergies due to the increased possibility of the occurrence of retinal vascular disease.

KEYWORDS:

• Allergic rhinitis
• asthma
• atopic dermatitis
• atopic triad
• atopy
• retinal vein occlusion
• risk factor

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Credit authorship contribution statement

Seongho Kim: Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft preparation. Bo Hee Kim: Writing – review & editing, Supervision. Kyungdo Han: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation. Mingui Kong: Methodology, Writing – review & editing, Supervision. Su Jeong Song: Conceptualization, Methodology. Writing – review & editing, Supervision

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Institute of Information & Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation (IITP) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT) (No. S-2021-0-02068, Artificial Intelligence Innovation Hub) and KBSMCSKKU Future Clinical Convergence Academic Research Program, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital & Sungkyunkwan University, 2023.