Influences of turbulence on the filamentation of femtosecond Gaussian and vortex pulses in water

Abstract

We report an experimental study on the behaviour of femtosecond Gaussian and vortex laser pulses during filamentation in turbulent water. The transverse and longitudinal wandering, intensity, and spectral broadening of the filamentation are evaluated. The results show that the filamentation of femtosecond vortex pulses is less affected by water turbulence than that of Gaussian pulses. Furthermore, the filamentation is less affected when the turbulence is located close or within the filamentation region, in contrast to the self-focusing region. These findings highlight the potential benefits of using femtosecond vortex pulse filaments in liquid-based applications.

KEYWORDS:

• Femtosecond filamentation
• Turbulent water
• femtosecond vortex pulse
• self-focusing

Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, L.Z, upon reasonable request.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant numbers 12074228 and 12204282; Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province under grant number ZR2021MA023.