Piecewise static Hamiltonian for an atom in a strong laser field

Abstract

We show that it is possible to use a piecewise constant Hamiltonian to describe the main features of the dynamics of an atom interacting with a laser field. In particular we show that using this approximation we are able to give a good description of the ionization signal, of the HHG spectra and of the attosecond pulses generated by the radiating electron. Finally, we give an explicit formula to evaluate the ionization rate in the time dependent laser field. This formula, which is a generalization of the Landau formula for the ionization rate of an atom in a static electric field, fairly well reproduces the numerical ionization rates for a broad range of laser frequency and intensity. The main advantage of this formula is that it can be used well beyond the limits of the quasi-static formula for the ionization rate of an atom.

Keywords:

• HHG
• ionization rate
• attosecond pulse

Acknowledgements

This work has been partially supported by the Italian Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca. The authors are also grateful to Giuseppe Castiglia, Rosalba Daniele, Francesca Morales, Alfred Maquet and Richard Taïeb for stimulating discussions.