Type 1 diabetes mellitus associated or not with primary hypothyroidism and women’s fertility

Abstract

The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of infertility and other reproductive parameters in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) with and without primary hypothyroidism (PH). This is a cross-sectional study conducted at Division of Endocrinology. We evaluated 110 female, aged over 18 years, 79 had DM1 and 31 had DM1 plus PH. They were interviewed to obtain data on their gynecological and obstetric history; medical charts were reviewed to determine the characteristics of the diseases and to assess clinical/laboratory data. Infertility was defined as 12 months of unprotected sexual intercourse without conception. We used the chi-square and Mann–Whitney’s tests, and logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of infertility in the total sample was 24.5%, no differences were found between groups regarding obstetric outcomes and gynecologic variables. Factors associated with infertility were microvascular complication (OR: 11.36; 95% CI: 2.488–52.632; p = .029), polycystic ovary syndrome (OR: 9.80; 95% CI: 2.247–43.478; p = .016), PH (OR: 3.38; 95% CI: 1.078–10.638; p = .047), and older age at onset of DM1 (OR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.029–1.215; p = .019). The presence of PH in women with DM1 was a predictive factor for infertility. Women with DM1 showed poorer reproductive outcomes compared to the general population.

摘要

这项研究的目的是评估1型糖尿病（DM1）患者合并或不合并原发性甲状腺功能减退症（PH）的不孕率和其他生殖参数。本项横断面研究在内分泌科进行, 评估了110名年龄在18岁以上的女性, 其中79位患有DM1, 31位患有DM1合并PH。对患者进行了妇科和产科相关病史采集, 分析临床资料以确定疾病的特征并评估临床/实验室数据。不孕症定义为有12个月未避孕的性交而未受孕。我们使用卡方检验和Mann-Whitney检验以及逻辑回归分析数据。总样本中不孕症的患病率为24.5％, 两组之间在产科预后和妇科因素方面没有差异。与不育相关的因素是微血管病变（OR：11.36； 95％ CI：2.488–52.632； p = .029）, 多囊卵巢综合征（OR：9.80； 95％ CI：2.247–43.478； p = .016）, PH（OR：3.38； 95％ CI：1.078-10.638； p = .047）, 以及DM1发病年龄较大（OR：1.12； 95％ CI：1.029-1.215； p = .019）。患有DM1女性中PH是不孕的预测因素。与普通人群相比, 患有DM1的女性的生殖结局更差。

Keywords:

• Type 1 diabetes mellitus
• DM1
• hypothyroidism
• infertility
• prevalence

Disclosure statement

The authors report no conflict of interest.