The association between gestational diabetes mellitus and DNA damage in umbilical cord leukocytes and placental samples

Abstract

Objective(s): To evaluate the relation between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and maternal and/or fetal DNA integrity. Method: 59 pregnant women were classified into two groups on the basis of 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and glycemic profile (GP): Control group (OGTT and GP normal, n = 29) and GDM group (abnormal 75 g OGTT, n = 30). The umbilical cord blood and placental samples obtained from the maternal side were collected at the time of delivery. Alkaline comet assay was performed for the determination of DNA damage. The trial was approved with the protocol number 72867572.050.01.04-299082. Result(s): Body mass index (BMI), weight gain during pregnancy, glycemic means and fetal weight were increased in GDM group compared control group (p = .01, .0001, .04, and .01, respectively). In the GDM group, the number of large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants was significantly higher compared to the nondiabetic group (p = .04). Tail DNA percentages in placental samples were higher in the GDM group compared to controls (p = .01); however, DNA integrity in umbilical cord leukocytes was similar between the groups (p = 0.1). In contrast to umbilical cord DNA damage, placental DNA damage showed positive correlation with maternal glycemia in the whole group and within each group. The positive association of placental DNA damage and GDM remained after adjusting for age, BMI, smoking, glycemia, gestational age at delivery, fetal weight at delivery, and delivery type (p = .01). Conclusion(s): Placental DNA damage is associated with GDM and placental cells seem to be more vulnerable to DNA damage compared to fetal blood cells.

摘要

目的

评估妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）与母体和/或胎儿DNa完整性之间的关系。方法：根据75g口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）和血糖谱（GP）将59名孕妇分为两组：对照组（OGTT和GP正常, n=29）和GDM组（异常75g OGTT, n=30）。在分娩时采集从母体获得的脐带血和胎盘样本。进行碱性彗星试验以测定DNA损伤。试验获得批准, 方案编号为72867572.050.01.04-299082。

结果

与对照组相比, GDM组的体重指数（BMI）、孕期体重增加、血糖平均值和胎儿体重增加（分别为0.01、0.0001、.04和0.01）。在GDM组中, 与非糖尿病组相比, 大胎龄（LGA）婴儿的数量显著增加（p=0.04）。GDM组胎盘样品中的尾DNA百分比高于对照组（p=0.01）；然而, 两组之间脐带白细胞的DNA完整性相似（p=0.1）。与脐带DNA损伤相反, 胎盘DNA损伤在整个组和每组中与母体血糖呈正相关。在调整年龄、BMI、吸烟、血糖、分娩时胎龄、分娩时胎儿体重和分娩类型后, 胎盘DNA损伤和GDM的正相关仍然存在（p=.01）。

结论

胎盘DNA损伤与GDM相关, 与胎儿血细胞相比, 胎盘细胞似乎更容易受到DNA损伤。

Keywords:

• DNA damage
• comet assay
• gestational diabetes mellitus

关键词:

• DNA损伤
• 彗星试验
• 妊娠期糖尿病

Acknowledgement

The authors would like to thank to the assistants and personnel of Suleyman Demirel University for collecting placental and blood samples.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Funding

The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.