Notes
1. Bernard Lewis, The Muslim Discovery of Europe (New York: W.W. Norton, 1982; reprint, 2001).
2. Nizar F. Hermes, The [European] Other in Medieval Arabic Literature and Culture: Ninth-Twelfth Century AD (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012).
3. Brian A. Catlos, Muslims of Medieval Latin Christendom, c.1050–1614 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014).