The Establishment of a Sports Lottery in Taiwan

Abstract

This paper undertakes an analysis of a movement to establish a sports lottery in Taiwan that focuses on a specific set of debates during the developing process. Methodologically, this study uses a qualitative case-study approach, which was based on documentary material and interviews, to generate a framework by which to analyse governance of Taiwan's specific system. The article argues that actors who present various resources and interests have constrained or enabled policies when seeking to achieve their preferred ends. Given a changing governance context, actors may no longer simply impose their will; they must negotiate with the other interested parties and organisations. Meanwhile, a balance between interests can be achieved only through competition, negotiation and cooperation between actors.

Keywords:

• actor
• governance
• policy
• sports lottery
• Taiwan

Notes

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2. Liu, The Feasibility Report of Issuing a Sports Lottery in Taiwan, 7.

3. Sports Affairs Council, Annual Report 2005.

4. Lee, ‘Sports Industry and Humanity Management’, 58–9.

5. Lee, ‘Managing a Corrupted Sporting System’.

6. Sports Affairs Council, Annual Report 2010.

7. Foreman, ‘Corporate Governance Issues in a Professional Sport’.

8. Hindley, ‘Resource Guide in Governance and Sport’.

9. Lee, ‘The Politics of the Staging of the 2001 Baseball World Cup in Taiwan’.

10. Hums and MacLean, Governance and Policy in Sport Organizations, 5.

11. Ibid., 6.

12. Leftwich, ‘Government, Democracy, and Development in the Third World’.

13. Kooiman, Governing as Governance, 1–3.

14. Weiss, ‘Governance, Good Governance and Global Governance’, 801.

15. United Nations Development Programme, Governance for Sustainable Human Development, 2–3.

16. Girginov, ‘Bulgarian Sport Policy’, 518.

17. Ibid., 517.

18. Henry and Lee, ‘Governance and Ethics in Sport’.

19. Henry et al., ‘The Governance of Professional Soccer’.

20. Sorensen and Torfing, ‘Democratic Anchorage of Governance Networks’, 197–200.

21. Hindley, ‘An Examination of the Utility of the Concept of Governance’, 15.

22. Liu, The Feasibility Report of Issuing a Sports Lottery in Taiwan, 7.

23. ‘Preventing a Super Scandal’, Taipei Times, 17 Jan. 2002, available online at http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2002/01/17/0000120321.

24. Ministry of Finance, The Public Welfare Lottery Issuing Rules and Regulations.

25. ‘Premier Envisions Sport Lottery as a Way to Fund Sports’, Taipei Times, 13 Jan. 2002, available online at http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/local/archives/2002/01/13/0000119743.

26. Yu-yan Jian, ‘President Chen Said ‘Yes’ to Sports Lottery and Do Something for It’, 17 January 2002, available online at http://www.nownews.com/2002/01/17/303-1251336. htm.

27. Hsiao, ‘The Possibility of Issuing a Sports Lottery’.

28. Chao, ‘The 14th Proceedings of Education and Culture Committee in the Legislative Yuan’.

29. Lee, ‘The Impact of Suspension of a Sports Lottery’, 206.

30. Sports Affairs Council, ‘Difficulty of Raising Fund for the Sport Development through a Sports Lottery’.

31. Jia-nan Chang, ‘Sports Lottery’, 17 January 2002, available online at http://sport.videoland.com.tw/event/ancor/talk.asp?ancorno=0008.

32. Chinesenewsnet, ‘British On-line Gambling: There’re No Regulations and Rules for It’, 17 June 2003, available online at http://www6.chinesenewsnet.com/MainNews/SocDigest/Economy/cna,.

33. Sports Affairs Council, Annual Report 2004.

34. Sports Affairs Council, Annual Report 2005.

35. Sports Affairs Council, Annual Report 2007.

36. Sports Affairs Council, Annual Report 2008.

37. Sports Affairs Council, Annual Report 2010.

38. Ibid.

39. Jessop, ‘The Network Society’, 7.

40. Sorensen and Torfing, ‘Democratic Anchorage of Governance Networks’, 195.

41. Jessop, ‘The Network Society’, 7.

42. Yu-kuang Wu, ‘If Gambling again, It is the Disaster of Professional Baseball in Taiwan’, United Evening News, 21 April 2004.

43. Interview with the president of the Lottery Labour Union, 14 July 2010.

44. Lee, ‘Sports Industry and Humanity Management’, 60–4.

45. Interview with former CPBL player, 14 March 2010.

46. Liu, The Feasibility Report of Issuing a Sports Lottery in Taiwan, 12–13.

47. Yi-jun Lin, ‘The Utilisation of Sports Lottery to Promote the Sport Development against the Regulations of National Lottery ’, Sina News, 27 April 2008.

48. Interview with editor of sport section of Apple Daily (the biggest selling newspaper in Taiwan), 2 Sept. 2010.

49. Jian-zhong Li, ‘The CPBL Secretary-general Lee Said, “To Promote the Sport Development in Taiwan, the Issuing of a Sports Lottery Needs to Choose the CPBL as One of the Lottery Betting Options”’, Epoch Times, 3 Sept. 2007.

50. Sports Affairs Council, ‘The Possibility of CPBL Becomes One of the Sports Lottery Betting Options’, 24 March 2008, available online at http://www.sac.gov.tw/News/NewsDetail.aspx?wmid=118&typeid=3&No=476.

51. Interview with former CPBL player, 14 March 2010.

52. Sorensen and Torfing, ‘Democratic Anchorage of Governance Networks’, 197–200.

53. Weiss, ‘Governance, Good Governance and Global Governance: Conceptual and Actual Challenges’, 795.

54. Jessop, The Future of the Capitalist State, 246.

55. Interview with former administrator at the Sport Affairs Council, 14 April 2011.

56. Ya-hui Chang, ‘Four Taiwanese Banks Strived for the Rights of Issuing Sports Lottery’, BCCNews, 31 May 2007.

57. Yu-bin Tien, ‘Taipei Fubon Bank Became the Issuing Agency of Sports Lottery: The Business Opportunity Estimates $NT 30 billion’, International Daily Times, 3 Sept. 2007.

58. Interview with former deputy mayor of Kaohsiung City, 17 Nov. 2010.

59. Shu-fen Wang, ‘Failed in Bidding the Sports Lottery: Kaohsiung City Government Criticised the Selecting Committee and Bank Bureau’, CNA News, 4 Sept. 2007.

60. Su-rou Wu, ‘Spokesman of the Cabinet Sie Said: The Executive Yuan Kept Neutral Position When Deciding the Sports Lottery Issuing Agency’, Epoch Times, 3 Sept. 2007.

61. Interview with the head of the Union for Developing the Public Welfare Lottery for Disabled Rights, 15 Nov. 2010.

62. Li-jun Yang, ‘The Emergence of NT$200 Billion in Six Years’, Central Daily News, 12 Sept. 2007.

63. Hui-lin Chen, ‘Kaohsiung Bank Protested the ‘Unfair Result’ of Deciding a Sports Lottery Issuing Agency’, cnYes News, 4 September 2007.

64. Yi-wen Zao, ‘Issuing Lottery Makes Profit of NT$120.5 Billion in Five Years: Taipei Fubon Bank Was Praised by the Ministry of Finance’, Now News, 27 June 2007.

65. Interview with former deputy mayor of Kaohsiung City, 17 Nov. 2010.

66. Girginov, ‘Strategic Relations and Sport Policy Making’, 175.

67. Chih-fen Cheng, ‘Sports Lottery Will Be Issued before the Chinese New Year’, Liberty Times, 5 Sept. 2007.

68. Interview with the president of the Lottery Labour Union, 14 July 2010.

69. Ibid.

70. Interview with former Super Basketball League (SBL) player, 10 March 2010.

71. Interview with the head of the Union for Developing the Public Welfare Lottery for Disabled Rights, 15 Nov. 2010.

72. Jin-chang Wu, ‘Fubon Bank’s Operation of Sports Lottery’, China Times, 27 March 2008.

73. Interview with the president of the Lottery Labour Union, 14 July 2010.

74. Jie-shi Wang, ‘Taipei Fubon Bank's Monopolising the Online Sports Lottery Betting Is Deemed to Fail’, CNA News, 4 March 2008.

75. Jian, ‘The Plan of Issuing a Sports Lottery Was Approved’, 5 March 2008, available online at http://rocsportslottery.com/2008/03/52_28.html.

76. Interview with administrator at the Sport Affairs Council, 24 Sept. 2010.

77. Interview with the head of the Union for Developing the Public Welfare Lottery for Disabled Rights, 15 Nov. 2010.

78. Interview with the director-general of the Association for People with Physical Disabilities and Mental Challenges in Republic of China (Taiwan), 25 June 2010.

79. Ya-hui Chang, ‘Sports Lottery, Go Go Go!’, 17 Sept. 2007, available online at http://www.twsportlottery.com/top3.asp.

80. Chang, ‘The Policy Thinking and Practicing of Sports Lottery Regulation’.

81. Ministry of Finance, ‘The Doubts of Issuing a Sports Lottery in Time’, 26 March 2008, available online at http://www.mof.gov.tw/fp.asp?xItem=44638&ctNode=84.

82. Taiwan Sports Lottery, ‘The Announcement of Terminating Phone and Online Betting of Sports Lottery’, 31 Oct. 2010, available online at http://www.i-win.com.tw/tsl/sites/cms_admin/cms/ABS_STOP.html.

83. Interview with the head of the Union for Developing the Public Welfare Lottery for Disabled Rights, 15 Nov. 2010.

84. Ya-hui Chang, ‘Termination of the Online Sports Lottery Betting due to Hugely Financial Loss’, BCCNews, 30 Nov. 2010.

85. Zhao-Ying Lai, Yu-Long Ma and Zhong-ying Sun, ‘The issuing agency of sports lottery may be fined by the government because of its canceling the online betting’, United Daily News, 2 Nov. 2010.

86. Zhong-chang Chang, ‘Opening the Online and Telephone Betting of Sports Lottery’, Card News, 10 Nov. 2008.

87. Interview with editor of sport section of Apple Daily, 2 Sept. 2010.

88. Chih-fen Cheng, ‘Sports Lottery Will Be Issued before the Chinese New Year’, Liberty Times, 5 Sept. 2007.

89. Taiwan Sports Lottery, ‘The Announcement of Terminating Phone and Online Betting of Sports Lottery’, 31 Oct.2010, available online at http://www.i-win.com.tw/tsl/sites/cms_admin/cms/ABS_STOP.html.

90. Hindley, ‘An Examination of the Utility of the Concept of Governance’, 11–28.

91. Rhodes, ‘The New Governance: Governing without Government’.

92. Hindley, ‘Resource Guide in Governance and Sport’.

93. Lee, ‘The Politics of the Staging of the 2001 Baseball World Cup in Taiwan’.

94. Girginov, ‘Bulgarian Sport Policy 1945–1989’.