Platelet microvesicles in health and disease

Abstract

Interest in cell-derived extracellular vesicles and their physiological and pathological implications is constantly growing. Microvesicles, also known as microparticles, are small extracellular vesicles released by cells in response to activation or apoptosis. Among the different microvesicles present in the blood of healthy individuals, platelet-derived microvesicles (PMVs) are the most abundant. Their characterization has revealed a heterogeneous cargo that includes a set of adhesion molecules. Similarly to platelets, PMVs are also involved in thrombosis through support of the coagulation cascade. The levels of circulatory PMVs are altered during several disease manifestations such as coagulation disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and infections, pointing to their potential contribution to disease and their development as a biomarker. This review highlights recent findings in the field of PMV research and addresses their contribution to both healthy and diseased states.

Keywords:

• Disease
• health
• microvesicles
• platelet microparticles

Funding

I.M and N.T. are supported by the Arthritis Society. A.Z. is the recipient of a postdoctoral fellowship from Swiss National Science Foundation. This work was supported by Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Foundation grant to EB. EB is recipient of an award from the CIHR.

Declaration of interest

The authors report no conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Funding

I.M and N.T. are supported by the Arthritis Society. A.Z. is the recipient of a postdoctoral fellowship from Swiss National Science Foundation. This work was supported by Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Foundation grant to EB. EB is recipient of an award from the CIHR.