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Abstract
Industry 4.0 to grow must show its superiority in terms of performance. However, the available performance management systems from Industry 3.0 have several limitations and weaknesses. These weaknesses are mainly related to the human factor, whereas the latter is central in the model of industry 4.0 because this new model is centred on complex human-machine interactions. This perspective engenders specific managerial challenges, which will be due to human resistance to innovation and change. These non-technological changes are labelled management innovations. Our objective is to determine what characteristics a 4.0 Industry performance management system should have that explicitly integrating the human factor and on what main principles should it be based. Our findings revealed several specific features of performance management systems 4.0 and identified two main management principles of performance management system 4.0: adherence of all actors and solidarity between actors. Therefore, non-technological management innovations are paramount for the effective implementation and functioning of an Industry 4.0 performance management system.
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to the management companies that participated in this research.
Disclosure statement
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Marc Robert
Dr. Marc Robert is an Associate Professor of management within the Montpellier Business School. He conducts research in the MRM laboratory. His current research concerns management innovation, innovation networks and coopetition. He has co-published many research papers in international journals and several book chapters: technological innovation to management innovation, for Presses des Mines, Collection Economie et Gestion (2014); Innovation management, for Éditions Dunod (2013). Management innovation: The multiple pathways of a virtuous spiral for EMS Edition (2017).
Philippe Giuliani
Dr. Philippe Giuliani is an Associate Professor in management innovation within the Montpellier Business School. He conducts research in the MRM laboratory. His work focuses on innovation with a focus on management innovation. He has co-published many studies in international journals and several book chapters: from technological innovation to management innovation for Presses des Mines, Collection Economie et Gestion (2014); Innovation management, for Éditions Dunod (2013). Management innovation: The multiple pathways of a virtuous spiral for EMS Edition (2017).
Calin Gurau
Dr. Călin Gurău, is an Full Professor of Marketing within Montpellier Business School. At present, he is responsible of the EMBA Certificate of International Business and Multicultural Management, and he coordinates the Markstrat simulation for the MSc students. His research is focussed on marketing strategy, internationalisation and entrepreneurship. He published more than 70 research papers in international peer-reviewed academic journals, such as: Group and Organisation Management, Small Business Economics, Industrial Marketing Management, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, etc.