Integrating prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission into antenatal care: learning from the experiences of women in South Africa

Abstract

In 1999, for the first time in South Africa, a Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission (MTCT) prevention programme was implemented at the routine primary care level and not as part of a research protocol. A total of 264 women attending prenatal care in these clinics were interviewed in Xhosa using a standardized questionnaire. All had been offered HIV testing, and 95% had accepted. Women who had not been tested were four times more likely to believe that in the community families reject HIV-positive women (p<0.005). Of women who tested, 19% were HIV positive and 83% had told their partner that they had taken the test. HIV-positive women who had not disclosed testing to their partners were three times more likely to believe that, in the community, partners are violent towards HIV-positive women (p<0.005); 86% stated that they would have taken AZT if found to be HIV positive. Only 11% considered that the use of formula feeding indicated that a woman was HIV positive. In conclusion, routine prenatal HIV testing and interventions to reduce perinatal HIV transmission are acceptable to the majority of women in a South African urban township, despite an awareness of discrimination in the community towards HIV-positive women.

Acknowledgments

We thank the following who assisted with this study: Daisy Mbaliswana, Martha Ntasa, Nomawethu Xakuvana, Marjorie Ntbongwana, the management of Wolanani, the Khayelitsha District Health Management Team, as well as staff at Site B MOU, Michael Mapongwana MOU, and Site B COT clinics.