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Abstract
This research examined the co-occurrence of accurate and inaccurate knowledge about HIV transmission among adolescents. Analyses were also conducted to examine the way in which variables related to demographic factors, personal characteristics, parent and peer relationships, and school involvement are associated with attitudes towards HIV/AIDS-infected people. Social and psychological processes that contribute to AIDS-related stigma are also described.
Methods. Data were collected from the Portuguese sample of the ‘Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children – 2002 – a collaborative WHO study’. The study provided data representative of 6137 Portuguese adolescents at national level. Based on these results, we conducted 14 focus groups discussions.
Results. Adolescents presented high levels of knowledge about HIV transmission. However, the proportion of young people who hold misperceptions is also high. A multiple regression analysis identified several associations with attitudes towards HIV-infected persons. The focus groups showed that adolescents believe that people with AIDS experienced discrimination and social exclusion. Adolescents’ opinions for HIV-infected persons were mostly positive and tolerant, although some adolescents showed an ambivalent attitude and undefined fears.
Conclusion. These findings have significant implications to implement and design comprehensive interventions with impact in adolescents’ attitudes towards people with HIV/AIDS.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank the team ‘Aventura Social’ for data collection and general analysis. The Portuguese study ‘Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children/2002 – WHO’, was partially supported by a grant of Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia FCT Project PSIDA/PSI/49649/2003 and had technical and economic support of CNLCS (National Agency for AIDS study and prevention).