Quality of life and social support among patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Western Uganda

Abstract

Quality of life (QOL) among patients with HIV/AIDS has been shown to improve once treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been initiated. We conducted a cross-sectional study in Western Uganda to examine the factors associated with QOL among patients who had received ART for the duration of at least six months.

We interviewed 330 patients attending the HIV/AIDS clinic at two government-supported hospitals in Western Uganda. We measured QOL using a culturally adapted version of the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS-HIV) tool and calculated the physical health summary (PHS) and mental health summary (MHS) scores. In addition, data were collected on sociodemographic factors, three-day self-reported adherence, social support, sexual behavior, CD4 count and viral load.

Informational social support was significantly positively correlated with PHS (p=0.001) and MHS (p=0.002). Affectionate support was also significantly positively correlated to PHS (p=0.05) and MHS (p=0.03) but tangible support was not (PHS p value=0.85 and MHS p value=0.31). In the univariate analysis, older age, rural dwelling, alcohol use, CD4 count less than 200, and ART duration of less than one year were significantly associated with lower PHS scores. Lower PHS scores were also associated with sexual inactivity. In multivariate analysis, higher scores on informational social support and CD4≥200 were associated with higher PHS score and past or recent alcohol consumption was associated with lower scores on MHS.

Optimizing ART to restore CD4 count and provision of informational and affectionate social support but not tangible support, to HIV/AIDS patients may improve their QOL.

Keywords:

• quality of life
• social support
• AIDS
• antiretroviral
• Uganda

Acknowledgements

This study was funded through the AIDS International Research and Training Program (AITRP) of the Fogarty International Center at Case Western Reserve University, under the direction of Dr Christopher Whalen.