Factors associated with late HIV testing for Latinos diagnosed with AIDS in Los Angeles

Abstract

Latinos are more likely to test late for HIV infection compared to other racial/ethnic groups in the United States. A population-based interview study was used to examine factors associated with late HIV testing for Latinos diagnosed with AIDS in Los Angeles County (LAC) to develop more effective HIV testing outreach strategies. Latinos testing for HIV within one year of an AIDS diagnosis were considered as late testers, while those diagnosed with AIDS more than one year after an HIV diagnosis were defined as non-late testers. After adjusting for age, education, country of birth, and injection drug use in a logistic regression analysis, completion of the interview in Spanish was the main factor associated with late testing (adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 2.9, 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs): 1.4, 6.0). Latinos testing late for HIV were also more likely to test due to illness (p<0.0001) and less likely to test as part of a clinical screening (p<0.0001). Late testers were more likely to receive their first positive HIV test as a hospital inpatient (p<0.0001) and less likely to test positive at a community health center or public clinic (p=0.05). To accomplish widespread and timely HIV testing for Latinos in LAC, Spanish-language social marketing campaigns are needed and Spanish-speaking patients should be offered HIV testing in all clinical settings.

Keywords:

• HIV testing
• late HIV testing
• Latinos
• Hispanics
• language

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Alexander Carruth, Maribel Castillon, Breska Jiminez, Helen Hernandez, Sharon Lu, and Denise Johnson for their hard work on the SHAS project. We would also like to thank Doreen Keogh, Virginia Hu, Junyeop Kim, Frank Galvan, and Trista Bingham for their assistance. This research was supported by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cooperative Agreement Award U62/CCU906253-09 and the California HIV/AIDS Research Program Grant CH-05-LAC-617.