Predictors of HIV-protection behaviour in HIV-positive men who have sex with casual male partners: a test of the explanatory power of an extended Information–Motivation–Behavioural Skills model

Abstract

This prospective study applies an extended Information–Motivation–Behavioural Skills (IMB) model to establish predictors of HIV-protection behaviour among HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) during sex with casual partners. Data have been collected from anonymous, self-administered questionnaires and analysed by using descriptive and backward elimination regression analyses. In a sample of 165 HIV-positive MSM, 82 participants between the ages of 23 and 78 (M=46.4, SD=9.0) had sex with casual partners during the three-month period under investigation. About 62% (n=51) have always used a condom when having sex with casual partners. From the original IMB model, only subjective norm predicted condom use. More important predictors that increased condom use were low consumption of psychotropics, high satisfaction with sexuality, numerous changes in sexual behaviour after diagnosis, low social support from friends, alcohol use before sex and habitualised condom use with casual partner(s). The explanatory power of the calculated regression model was 49% (p<0.001). The study reveals the importance of personal and social resources and of routines for condom use, and provides information for the research-based conceptualisation of prevention offers addressing especially people living with HIV (“positive prevention”).

Keywords:

• condom use
• casual partner
• MSM
• IMB model
• positive prevention

Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the Swiss Science National Foundation and by a grant from the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of the members of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study, the Eurosupport 5 Study Group and the health-care providers involved in the recruitment of survey participants and data collection. Special thanks go to the people living with HIV who participated in the study.