Parenting considerations in young adults with perinatally acquired HIV

Abstract

An increasing number of children born with perinatally acquired HIV (PAH) are surviving into late adolescence and early adulthood. At this developmental stage, developing intimate relationships and having children are potentially important goals with associated normative challenges. Young people with PAH face a variety of additional HIV-related stressors that may be associated with relationships and parenting. These may include managing HIV disclosure to their partner and adherence to antiretroviral medication to (a) prevent transmission to partners and future offspring and (b) maintain their own health. Some of these challenges may be impacted upon by issues associated with having been born with HIV, for example, managing long-standing secrecy about HIV and having been told from a young age that life expectancy could be shortened. To date, there has been limited research into the procreational and parenting reflections of young people with PAH. This study examined the hopes and the concerns that a group of young people with PAH have regarding having children. Seven participants (five females and two males) currently or previously in an intimate relationship, aged 18–23 years, two of whom were parents, were recruited from a UK hospital clinic. They were interviewed using a semi-structured interview, with data analysed according to the principles of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Four main themes were elicited: the perceived impact of having a child on intimate relationships, the effect of normative beliefs on parenting intentions and expectations, the thoughts and feelings about disclosing parental HIV status to one's children in the future, and the perceived impact of HIV on procreational intentions. Implications for supporting young people with PAH in parenting decision-making are explored.

Keywords:

• HIV
• perinatally acquired
• procreational intentions
• parenting intentions
• young adults