Psychiatric symptom burden in older people living with HIV with and without cognitive impairment: the UCSF HIV over 60 cohort study

ABSTRACT

Psychiatric comorbidities are common in people living with HIV (PLWH) and adversely affect life satisfaction, treatment adherence and disease progression. There are few data to inform the burden of psychiatric symptoms in older PLWH, a rapidly growing demographic in the U.S. We performed a cross-sectional analysis to understand the degree to which symptom burden was associated with cognitive disorders in PLWH over age 60. Participants completed a standardized neuropsychological battery and were assigned cognitive diagnoses using Frascati criteria. We captured psychiatric symptom burden using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and proxy-informed Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire (NPI-Q). Those diagnosed with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND, n = 39) were similar to those without HAND (n = 35) by age (median = 67 years for each group, p = 0.696), education (mean = 16 years vs. 17 years, p = 0.096), CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts (mean = 520 vs. 579, p = 0.240), duration of HIV (median = 21 years for each group, p = 0.911) and sex (92% male in HAND vs. 97% in non-HAND, p = 0.617). Our findings showed similarities in HAND and non-HAND groups on both NPI-Q (items and clusters) and GDS scores. However, there was a greater overall symptom burden in HIV compared to healthy elder controls (n = 236, p < 0.05), with more frequent agitation, depression, anxiety, apathy, irritability and nighttime behavior disturbances (p < 0.05). Our findings demonstrate no differences in psychiatric comorbidity by HAND status in older HIV participants; but confirm a substantial neurobehavioral burden in this older HIV-infected population.

KEYWORDS:

• HIV
• aging
• mental health
• behavioral disorders
• cognition disorders

Acknowledgements

We wish to thank the study participants.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This study was supported by the following grants from the National Institutes of Health: K24-MH-098759 (VV), P50-AG-023501 (ADRC, PI: Bruce Miller); P30-AI-027763 (UCSF/GIVI Center for AIDS Research), and the UL1-RR-024131 (UCSF GCRC), with additional support from the Larry L. Hillblom Foundation and the UCSF AIDS Research Institute.