Ethnicity and HIV vulnerabilities among men who have sex with men in China

ABSTRACT

Ethnic affiliation can define sociocultural boundaries and contribute to the HIV vulnerabilities faced by men who have sex with men (MSM). This study investigated the influence of ethnic affiliation on HIV vulnerabilities among MSM in North China. Our study analyzed a cross-sectional survey of MSM (n = 398) in two major North China cities. We examined associations between ethnic affiliation and (a) HIV status, (b) sexual behaviors and experiences, and (c) substance use. Compared to ethnic majority Han MSM: MSM belonging to ethnic minority groups of South China had significantly greater odds of HIV infection (AOR: 7.40; 95% CI: 2.33–23.47) and experience of forced sex (AOR: 3.27; 95% CI: 1.12–9.52). Compared to ethnic majority Han MSM, Ethnic Hui MSM had significantly lower odds of condomless anal sex (AOR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.21–0.82) and significantly greater odds of circumcision (AOR: 2.62; 95% CI: 1.24–5.51). HIV prevalence and riskier sexual behaviors among MSM in China appear to vary significantly by ethnic affiliation. Current epidemiological practices of aggregating all ethnic minority groups in China into a single category may be masking important interethnic differences in HIV risk, and precluding opportunities for more culturally appropriate interventions.

KEYWORDS:

• Ethnic affiliation
• gay
• sexual networks
• ethnic minorities
• Muslim

Acknowledgements

Many thanks to the study participants for sharing their time and experiences to make this study possible.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

Funding for this study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant numbers 11471336 and 91546203], the Ministry of Science and Technology of China [grant number 2012ZX10004-904], the US Fulbright program (which supported Stephen W Pan’s dissertation project, from which this paper is based), and the Liu Institute for Global Issues. Richard Carpiano contributed to this study while receiving funding from a Canadian Institutes of Health Research New Investigator Award.